Sources
Sources and method
Every figure on this site is computed from the files below and nothing else. Loaded 2026-09-28.
Files loaded
Raw rows are counted straight from each file; loaded rows must match.
| File | Decisions covered | Raw rows | Loaded | Downloaded | SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2023_Q1.xlsx | 2022-10-01 to 2022-12-31 | 98,735 | 98,735 | 2026-09-23 | ddd9ef471d50… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2023_Q2.xlsx | 2022-10-01 to 2023-03-31 | 231,544 | 231,544 | 2026-09-23 | e97120dbd5f7… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2023_Q3.xlsx | 2023-04-01 to 2023-06-30 | 186,389 | 186,389 | 2026-09-23 | ab4c36b9808c… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2023_Q4.xlsx | 2023-07-01 to 2023-09-30 | 127,939 | 127,939 | 2026-09-23 | a070600b44ad… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2024_Q1.xlsx | 2023-10-02 to 2023-12-31 | 99,692 | 99,692 | 2026-09-23 | 7071a06025f5… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2024_Q2.xlsx | 2024-01-01 to 2024-03-31 | 123,978 | 123,978 | 2026-09-23 | 30546d3b5367… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2024_Q3.xlsx | 2024-04-01 to 2024-06-30 | 216,470 | 216,470 | 2026-09-23 | bb61afdac6e1… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2024_Q4.xlsx | 2024-07-01 to 2024-09-30 | 120,897 | 120,897 | 2026-09-23 | 23bc116e679e… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2025_Q1.xlsx | 2024-10-01 to 2024-12-31 | 107,414 | 107,414 | 2026-09-23 | 17c08eccf8b2… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2025_Q2.xlsx | 2025-01-01 to 2025-03-31 | 132,133 | 132,133 | 2026-09-23 | bc5aaf90fa89… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2025_Q3.xlsx | 2025-04-01 to 2025-06-30 | 238,425 | 238,425 | 2026-09-23 | fcabedf38c8c… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2025_Q4.xlsx | 2025-07-01 to 2025-09-30 | 118,580 | 118,580 | 2026-09-23 | 81ebf97d4710… |
| LCA_Disclosure_Data_FY2026_Q3.xlsx | 2025-10-01 to 2026-06-30 | 437,496 | 437,496 | 2026-09-23 | f8ca8448a528… |
| LCA_Worksites_FY2023_Q4.xlsx | 803,849 | 803,849 | 2026-09-23 | d84e9ea04537… | |
| LCA_Worksites_FY2024_Q4.xlsx | 841,561 | 841,561 | 2026-09-23 | 1c1466d5dff5… | |
| LCA_Worksites_FY2025_Q4.xlsx | 897,289 | 897,289 | 2026-09-23 | 87f012902dba… | |
| LCA_Worksites_FY_2026_Q3.xlsx | 444,064 | 444,064 | 2026-09-23 | 55b103ef49fc… | |
| h1b_datahubexport-2023.csv | 33,332 | 33,332 | 2026-09-24 | 96f423093932… |
Column mappings were written from the DOL record layouts: LCA_Record_Layout_FY2023_Q4.pdf, LCA_Record_Layout_FY2024_Q4.pdf, LCA_Record_Layout_FY2025_Q4.pdf, LCA_Record_Layout_FY2026_Q3.pdf, LCA_Worksite_Record_Layout_FY2023_Q4.pdf, LCA_Worksites_Record_Layout_FY2024_Q4.pdf, LCA_Worksites_Record_Layout_FY2025_Q4.pdf, LCA_Worksites_Record_Layout_FY2026_Q3.pdf. Raw rows are counted straight from each spreadsheet; loaded rows must match. FY2023 to FY2025 releases each hold one quarter (FY2023 Q2 holds two), so every quarter is loaded and a case repeated in a later quarter keeps its latest status.
Definitions
- LCA
- A Labor Condition Application (Form ETA-9035), filed with the Department of Labor before an H-1B, H-1B1 or E-3 petition. Certified means DOL certified it; withdrawn includes certified-then-withdrawn. An LCA is not a petition or a visa.
- Offered wage
- The lower bound of the wage range on the LCA, annualized: Year x1, Month x12, Bi-Weekly x26, Week x52, Hour x2080. Values under $15,000 or over $1,000,000 are treated as unit errors and left out of wage figures (4,570 of 2,136,934 cases).
- Wage level
- The prevailing wage level (I to IV) stated on the LCA. For the FY2027 cap season onward, the H-1B lottery enters a registration once at level I, twice at II, three times at III and four times at IV; the rule took effect February 27, 2026.
- USCIS initial and continuing
- From the USCIS H-1B Employer Data Hub: first decisions on petitions, counted in workers. Initial covers new employment (including a change of status from F-1); continuing covers extensions, amendments and changes of employer. Years loaded: FY2023. USCIS publishes files through FY2023; later years come from its interactive viewer when a download has been added.
- Employer
- One federal tax ID (FEIN). FY2023 files omit the FEIN, so FY2023 LCAs are linked by normalized name and state (94.4% linked). Different FEINs are never merged. USCIS records are matched by normalized name, state and the last four tax ID digits.
- Likely cap-exempt
- A rule, not a USCIS determination. An employer is flagged when the IRS lists its tax ID as a 501(c)(3) in higher education or research (when that IRS file is loaded), or when most of its LCAs give NAICS 611310 (colleges and universities), or when its name contains University, College, Institute of Technology, School of Medicine or Medical School and its NAICS code is in education or health care. The last two rules do not check nonprofit status, so a for-profit college can match.
- Related entities
- Employers with different FEINs are never merged. Two views connect them: legal entities that share a normalized name, and groups from a small parent map that a person reviewed against public evidence. Both show each employer’s own figures.
- Entry-level signal
- Certified LCAs in software, data, finance and quant roles at wage level I or II, and their share of all the employer’s certified LCAs, over the last two fiscal years. A count, not a probability of sponsorship.
Limitations
- An LCA is filed before a petition. It shows intent to hire, not an approved visa.
- USCIS data lags; USCIS years loaded: FY2023.
- Matching by FEIN and name can split one company across legal entities (Amazon.com Services and Amazon Web Services are separate employers) or miss a USCIS record.
- “Likely cap-exempt” is a rule applied to NAICS codes and names (and IRS records when loaded), not a USCIS determination.
- Internships usually run on CPT and first jobs on OPT, which these files do not cover.
- About 1.5% of FY2024 and FY2025 cases in DOL’s worksites files have no row in its main files.
Full method and every judgment call: decisions, definitions, evaluation reports.